The Italian policies of Frederick Barbarossa Essay Example

The Italian strategies of Frederick Barbarossa Essay Example The Italian strategies of Frederick Barbarossa Paper The Italian strategies of Frederick Barbarossa Paper Exposition Topic: History The Italian strategies of Frederick Barbarossa, German ruler and Holy Roman Emperor hugy affected medieval Germany during the twelfth century. The topic of clerical versus common force broke out during the rulers rule when Germany was viewed as the most grounded government, having expert in Italy and the remainder of the Roman Empire. Everything looked good at Frederick Barbarossas promotion in 1152 to reestablish magnificent expert in Italy which had been in downfall since the Investiture challenge. Anyway this objective tossed the Holy Roman sovereign into a contention with the papacy, a hindrance that would demonstrate too difficult to even think about overcoming so as to accomplish all that which the ruler thought was denied to him. Anyway the Papacy additionally took care of holding Frederick in resistance. The Italian strategies were excessively degree and were done inadequate. The sovereigns Italian strategies at which he planned to recover from the papacy what he thought he was qualified for, were dubious yet creative. Frederick pointed, with the assistance of Chancellor Rainald of Dassel to reproduce the Holy Roman Empire to return it to the wonder long stretches of Rome and exercise the power that the Ottonian heads had done. 1This fight for land was fundamentally an approach to expand his incomes so he could keep what power he had in Germany over his most persuasive vassals, something his royal court sought after enthusiastically. The authority over the Papal States in such a primitive framework implied in principle he was leader of Rome, however since the time the Commune coordinated against the papacy had been set up in 1143 in Rome the discussion had been vociferous and convoluted. This would not just make a unified and solid domain, it would likewise scrutinize the job of formal attire in the papacy. This incredible design2 was proclaimed straightforwardly to the congregation in 1158 with the Roncaglia orders. The papacy resented this break from the Peace of Constance of 1153, (at which they had been partners) and his assurance to practice authority, particularly in focal and Northern Italy, declared in the Roncaglia orders. 3 The Roncaglia orders declared he would continue all formal attire, whole intensity of Bannus; full exercise of ward over all issues influencing property, life and freedom. This enmity, the papacy felt conflicted with the authority of God since the congregation ought to have authority over everything, and it brought about a break of the ecclesiastical collusion and a faction among the congregation. The papacy profoundly restricted the autonomy of numerous Lombard urban areas and would not permit any expansion in majestic force in Italy. 4 The ruler started his Italian strategy quickly, finishing four battles into Italy in 1164 and supporting numerous majestic popes during the 1160s. Considerably prior he had set up majestic guideline in Milan, during the hour of Hadrian IV, with little resistance from the papacy5 however Milan discovered partners in the cooperatives of Brescia and Piacenza. Milan was taken in 1162 and later wrecked which limited the counter royal alliances prospect for progress, while he constrained Alexander III into oust and enthroned Paschal III, a German in St. Dwindles in 1167. 6 The resistance of the Papacy to the Italian arrangement started with the progression of Alexander III, the sovereigns most imposing rival. The papacy had just discovered partners in the Lombard city of Milan after the Roncaglia Decrees. Magnificent standard over Milan was immediately addressed two years after Frederick had taken Milan 8when Manual I, the Byzantine sovereign sorted out a restriction in Venice, the League of Verona with its partners Verona, Padua and Vicenza, including the Norman King. This demonstrated to maybe make the best progress in restricting the Italian approaches of Frederick Barbarossa in Northern and Central Italy. The papacy went further in restriction under the legislative issues of Alexander III by banishing the sovereign after he set up Paschal III as pope. The papacy at that point proceeded in its resistance in 1167 when the Imperial armed force was crushed outside Rome, by expanding the League of Verona by aligning itself into the Lombard League in 1167, while simultaneously the pope contributed enormous wholes of cash. This demonstrated to wreck a large number of Fredericks aspirations and addition support for the papacy. Alexander III picked up the help of France and the Anglo-Norman Kingdom, while in Denmark and Poland the rest of the partners of the supreme pope were banished. 10 A year later Alexander had the option to set up the city of Alessandria with the assistance of the League. The city of Alessandria was to the ruler an image of ecclesiastical accomplishment, and in spite of the fact that endeavors for settlement with the pope proceeded, the nearness of the Lombard League was something the head couldn't permit during harmony. The Italian arrangement again won with the fifth crusade in 1174 against Alessandria. The head again confronted rout and had the option to make harmony in Montebello with the League, yet the Italian approach by and by disrupted the general flow when Frederick couldn't acknowledge the consideration of Alexander III in the harmony. Fredericks willfulness in following his Italian approaches (even contrary to the papacy) anyway was debilitated and a little achievement was allowed to Alexander. The clash of Legnano in 1176 brought about a close to finish devastation of the magnificent matchless quality in Italy and persuaded the head to accommodate with the pope. 1 Negotiations at Anagni accomplished a broad settlement 12 among sovereign and pope. The sovereign had to deny the Matildine grounds and partner with Alexander. He conceded some freedom to the urban areas he controlled in Italy and acknowledged the job of overlord. At this stage the Italian strategies of Frederick had fizzled and the papacy was triumphant. The new relations with the pope had not demolished the It alian strategy, yet had rather finished this time of contention in the Peace of Venice in 1177. Bargain was the point of both Pope and head at the Peace of Venice. Frederick surrendered his concept of mastery of Italy consequently he stayed in charge of the German church, proof that the papacy was not as fruitful in practicing the possibility of an ecclesiastical government and that much strain had been put on its power over this period. 13 Peace with the Lombard group and Norman King anyway was not so much a thrashing of the Italian approach, it had removed a great part of the authority of Fredericks in Northern Italy yet it had left him the authority of the German church, in spite of the fact that this was not in Italy it implied the papacy was back where it began. Fredericks strategy got concentrated on the Matildine grounds and focal Italy. The Peace was broken when Frederick proceeded with his Italian approach during the 1180s; it was the cost of quietness over numerous issues (at the arrangement of Venice) which were to offer ascent to the difficulties. 14 Frederick vindicated the clash of Legnano in 1180 which was later trailed by the tranquility of Constance in 1183. 15 The Peace of Constance implied Frederick had to permit the individuals from the League to include broad established freedom inside the city dividers and the city region. In any case, Fredericks rights which could make huge money related benefits inside the city remained. Anyway with the demise of Alexander in 1181 there followed a line of latent popes who consented to the sovereign during his last Italian battle (118-6) accordingly fortifying his impact in Lombardy. By 1189 trade off was again on the table and the papacy was allowed various places in the Patrimony of St. Subside, restoring the zone around Rome as a Papal space. The papacy was left encircled at the passing of Frederick Barbarossa in 1190 when his child Henry VI got drew in to the beneficiary of the Norman Kingdom of Southern Italy. Frederick despite everything held regulatory force in certain pieces of focal Italy however his Italian strategy had fizzled. The Italian strategy had fizzled in light of the fact that it didn't address the subject of clerical versus magnificent position. Frederick Barbarosssas plans of preeminent mastery over the whole Holy Roman domain were not accomplished, yet however he yielded quite a bit of what he wished to pick up it isn't to state either that the papacy was totally fruitful. ) It had profoundly modified the spot of the papacy in the church16 and left the Holy Roman sovereigns replacements with numerous cases unanswered. The firm stance of Alexander III had not been proceeded and the head was left for at some point unopposed. The Lombard collectives can be perceived as the genuine explanation the papacy rose effective 17 yet the papacy had the future to manage, a future that discovered them encompassed by the Holy Roman Emperors authority. Both the head and the Papacy followed through on the cost of contention, yet the Papacy was effective enough to immobilize the Italian Policy of Frederick Barbarossa.

Timeline of the Rulers of France From 840 Until 2017

Timetable of the Rulers of France From 840 Until 2017 France created out of the Frankish realms that succeeded the Roman Empire, and all the more straightforwardly, out of the declining Carolingian Empire. The last had been set up by the incomparable Charlemagne however started parting into pieces not long after his demise. One of these pieces turned into the core of France, and French rulers would battle to fabricate another state out of it. After some time, they succeeded. Feelings fluctuate regarding who the primary French lord was, and the accompanying rundown incorporates the entirety of the transitional rulers, including the Carolingian and not French Louis I. In spite of the fact that Louis wasnt lord of the cutting edge element we call France, all the later French Louis (finishing with Louis XVIII in 1824) were numbered successively, utilizing him as the beginning stage, and its critical to recall that Hugh Capet didnt simply develop France, there was a since quite a while ago, befuddled history before him. This is an ordered rundown of the pioneers who have governed France; the dates given are the times of said rule. Later Carolingian Transition Despite the fact that the illustrious numbering begins with Louis, he was not a ruler of France but rather the beneficiary to a realm which secured quite a bit of focal Europe. His relatives would later break the domain. 814 - 840 Louis I (not a lord of France)840 - 877 Charles II (the Bald)877 - 879 Louis II (the Stammerer)879 - 882 Louis III (joint with Carloman below)879 - 884 Carloman (joint with Louis III above, until 882)884 - 888 Charles the Fat888 - 898 Eudes (likewise Odo) of Paris (non-Carolingian)898 - 922 Charles III (the Simple)922 - 923 Robert I (non-Carolingian)923 - 936 Raoul (additionally Rudolf, non-Carolingian)936 - 954 Louis IV (dOutremer or The Foreigner)954 - 986 Lothar (additionally Lothaire)986 - 987 Louis V (the Do-Nothing) Capetian Dynasty Hugh Capet is commonly viewed as the primary lord of France yet it took him and his relatives to battle and extend, and battle and make due, to start to transform a little realm into incredible France. 987 - 996 Hugh Capet996 - 1031 Robert II (the Pious)1031 - 1060 Henry I1060 - 1108 Philip I1108 - 1137 Louis VI (the Fat)1137 - 1180 Louis VII (the Young)1180 - 1223 Philip II Augustus1223 - 1226 Louis VIII (the Lion)1226 - 1270 Louis IX (St. Louis)1270 - 1285 Philip III (the Bold)1285 - 1314 Philip IV (the Fair)1314 - 1316 Louis X (the Stubborn)1316 John I1316 - 1322 Philip V (the Tall)1322 - 1328 Charles IV (the Fair) Valois Dynasty The Valois line would battle the Hundred Years War with England and, on occasion, appeared as though they were losing their seats, and afterward ended up confronting strict division. 1328 - 1350 Philip VI1350 - 1364 John II (the Good)1364 - 1380 Charles V (the Wise)1380 - 1422 Charles VI (the Mad, Well-Beloved, or Foolish)1422 - 1461 Charles VII (the Well-Served or Victorious)1461 - 1483 Louis XI (the Spider)1483 - 1498 Charles VIII (Father of his People)1498 - 1515 Louis XII1515 - 1547 Francis I1547 - 1559 Henry II1559 - 1560 Francis II1560 - 1574 Charles IX1574 - 1589 Henry III Whiskey Dynasty The Bourbon lords of France incorporated the outright apogee of an European ruler, the Sun King Louis XIV, and only two individuals later, the lord who might be guillotined by an insurgency. 1589 - 1610 Henry IV1610 - 1643 Louis XIII1643 - 1715 Louis XIV (the Sun King)1715 - 1774 Louis XV1774 - 1792 Louis XVI First Republic The French Revolution cleared away the ruler and murdered their lord and sovereign; the Terror which followed the turning of the progressive standards was in no sense an improvement. 1792 - 1795 National Convention1795 - 1799 Directory (Directors)1795 - 99 Paul Franã §ois Jean Nicolas de Barras1795 - 99 Jean-Franã §ois Reubell1795 - 99 Louis Marie La Revellã ­ere-Lã ©peaux1795 - 97 Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot1795 - 97 Etienne Le Tourneur1797 Franã §ois Marquis de Barthã ©lemy1797 - 99 Philippe Antoine Merlin de Douai1797 - 98 Franã §ois de Neufchã ¢teau1798 - 99 Jean Baptiste Comte de Treilhard1799 Emmanuel Joseph Comte de Sieyã ©s1799 Roger Comte de Ducos1799 Jean Franã §ois Auguste Moulins1799 Louis Gohier1799 - 1804 Consulate1st Consul: 1799 - 1804 Napoleon Bonaparte2nd Consul: 1799 Emmanuel Joseph Comte de Sieyã ©s,1799 - 1804 Jean-Jacques Rã ©gis Cambacã ©rã ¨s3rd Consul: 1799 - 1799 Pierre-Roger Ducos1799 - 1804 Charles Franã §ois Lebrun First Empire (Emperors) The insurgency was finished by the overcoming trooper legislator Napoleon, yet he neglected to make an enduring administration. 1804 - 1814 Napoleon I1814 - 1815 Louis XVIII (king)1815 Napoleon I (second time) Whiskeys (Restored) The reclamation of the imperial family was a trade off, yet France stayed in social and political motion, prompting one more difference in house. 1814 - 1824 Louis XVIII1824 - 1830 Charles X Orleans Louis Philippe became ruler, predominantly because of crafted by his sister; he would go wrong not long after she was no longer around to help. 1830 - 1848 Louis Philippe Second Republic (Presidents) The Second Republic didnt keep going long mostly on account of the majestic claims of a specific Louis Napoleon... 1848 Louis Eugã ©ne Cavaignac1848 - 1852 Louis Napoleon (later Napoleon III) Second Empire (Emperors) Napoleon III was identified with Napoleon I and exchanged on family popularity, yet he was fixed by Bismarck and the Franco-Prussian war. 1852 - 1870 (Louis) Napoleon III Third Republic (Presidents) The Third Republic purchased steadiness as far as the structure of government and figured out how to adjust to the First World War. 1870 - 1871 Louis Jules Trochu (provisional)1871 - 1873 Adolphe Thiers1873 - 1879 Patrice de MacMahon1879 - 1887 Jules Grã ©vy1887 - 1894 Sadi Carnot1894 - 1895 Jean Casimir-Pã ©rier1895 - 1899 Fã ©lix Faure1899 - 1906 Emile Loubet1906 - 1913 Armand Falliã ¨res1913 - 1920 Raymond Poincarã ©1920 - Paul Deschanel1920 - 1924 Alexandre Millerand1924 - 1931 Gaston Doumergue1931 - 1932 Paul Doumer1932 - 1940 Albert Lebrun Vichy Government (Chief of State) It was the Second World War which devastated the Third Republic, and a vanquished France attempted to discover a type of freedom under WW1 saint Petain. Nobody came out well. 1940 - 1944 Henri Philippe Petain Temporary Government (Presidents) France must be revamped after the war, and that began with settling on the new government. 1944 - 1946 Charles de Gaulle1946 Fã ©lix Gouin1946 Georges Bidault1946 Leon Blum Fourth Republic (Presidents) 1947 - 1954 Vincent Auriol1954 - 1959 Renã © Coty Fifth Republic (Presidents) Charles de Gaulle came back to attempt to quiet social distress and started the Fifth Republic, which despite everything structures the administration structure of contemporary France. 1959 - 1969 Charles de Gaulle1969 - 1974 Georges Pompidou1974 - 1981 Valã ©ry Giscard dEstaing1981 - 1995 Franã §ois Mitterand1995 - 2007 Jacques Chirac2007 - 2012 Nicolas Sarkozy2012 - Francois Hollande2017 - Emmanuel Macron

How to Use Quotes in a Literary Analysis Essay

How to Use Quotes in a Literary Analysis Essay Quotes in literary essays serve as textual evidence used to strengthen your interpretation of the text. When inserted correctly, quotes support your arguments and bring the necessary background to your writing. However, when used incorrectly, quotations can only bring mess in your essay and ruin your arguments. This guide will help you understand how to quote effectively. When to use quotes Your tutor has probably told you to back-up your thesis statement with arguments. However, randomly used quotes will hardly strengthen your idea. You should use quotes at selected moments because the major part of your essay should be your own thoughts (it is your essay, isnt it?). Here are some conditions using quotes: When you want to include particularly important words from an authoritative source to highlight the credibility of your argument. When you need to include information that is not generally known. When you want to include a passage that is worthy of analysis. When you want to analyze and evaluate a someones work. The third point is especially useful in literary analysis essay. If you find an argument which is relevant to your topic, but it is not one of those four cases described above, consider: Summarizing: sketch only the key point in the passage; Paraphrasing: convey the information from the passage in your own words. Depending on what type of paper you are writing, you can also use other types of evidence like statics, paraphrasing, or data. As distinct from the literary essay, scientific writing relies on summarizing more than direct quotes. Obviously, you should consider the discipline and audience for which you are writing. For instance, literary essay or analysis should include direct quotes from the original text you are analyzing while Sociology or Political Science papers may rely on statistics and paraphrasing. How to incorporate quotes into text Once you have decided which quotes you need to use, your next step is to incorporate them into your essay. Remember, the words and explanations which you include before and after a quote are as important as the quote itself. Imagine that your quotation is the filling in a pizza: it is tasty, but nobody is going to eat it without a pizza dough. Your comments are going to serve as a “dough”, a necessary part of each pizza. Here are some instructions for inserting and following up quotations: Attribute a quote to the source Dont forget to specify who is speaking. Provide context The quotation does not tell a story on its own. Therefore, you have to provide a clear context that sets when, why or under what circumstances the quote was written. Introduce a quotation To introduce a quote, explain what it is intended to show. How to format quotations in MLA style As a rule, the literary essay or analysis is written in the MLA format. Use these guidelines and examples to format your MLA-quotes correctly. Short Quotes Short quotes (no more than four lines of prose text and three lines of poetic text) should be enclosed within quotation marks. Include the authors name and the page number (for poetry â€" provide the line numbers). Long Quotes If your quote consists of more than four lines of prose or poetry, you have to indent it from the main text, but do not center it. Indenting will show that the text is a quote, so you dont need to put quotation marks. Examples For both short and long quotes, use the following punctuation and formatting: People are described by Kenneth Burke as symbol-using animals (3). People are described as symbol-using animals (Burke 3). Some describe people as symbol-using animals (Burke 3), but the others disagree. For poetry, use the original formatting and put poetry line numbers: She spired into a yellow flame, She flowered in blossoms red, She flowed into a foaming wave, She stood Monadnocks head. (120-124) Formatting may influence your grade, so use these tips to make sure that you format your quotations correctly!

Rhetorical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein

A common tactic used by many anti-slavery writers in the Romantic Era is â€Å"in speaking for and/or giving voice to an estranged or silenced other†, by giving the victim of the power struggle the rhetorical devices needed to gain power (Kitson, 519). Shelley gives the creature not just a voice, but an entire Volume of the book. However, she does this in an effort to reinforce the â€Å"moral superiority [which] means that [Frankenstein] will rarely question the validity of his own society’s formation and that he will not be inclined to expend any energy in understanding the worthless alterity of the colonized† (JanMohamed, 65). In other words, the creature’s words only reinforce the struggle of power between the creature and Frankenstein. Instead of giving a voice with which the creature can gain power, Shelley uses this voice to break the monster further by reinforcing the ideas of Frankenstein. Directly, Shelley allows Frankenstein to initially sympath ize with the creature, whose â€Å"words had a strange effect upon me†¦[but] when I saw the filthy mass†¦my heart sickened and my feelings were altered to those of horror and hatred†¦ I could not sympathize with him,† (Shelly, 103); but eventually, when the reality of the creature as a monster (and not a human) is recognized, Shelley leaves no room for sympathy. Not only does Frankenstein’s perception go against prominent anti-slavery writer Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s message that â€Å"no man is wicked without temptation, no man is wretchedShow MoreRelatedMetamorphoses Within Frankenstein14861 Words   |  60 PagesThe Critical Metamorphoses of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein You must excuse a trif ling d eviation, From Mrs. Shelley’s marvellous narration — from th e musical Frankenstein; or, The Vamp ire’s Victim (1849) Like Coleridge’ s Ancient Mariner , who erupts into Mary Sh elley’s text as o ccasionally and inev itably as th e Monster into Victor Frankenstein’s lif e, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometh eus passes, like night, from land to land and w ith stang ely ad aptable powers of speech Read MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 PagesG F I C T I O N MODULE 1 1.1. The fictional world of a literary work Literature is writing that can be read in many ways. We can read it as a form of history, biography, or autobiography. We can read it as an example of linguistic structures or rhetorical conventions manipulated for special effect. We can view it as a material product of the culture that produced it. We can see it as an expression of beliefs and values of a particular class. We can also see a work of literature as a selfcontained

Abortion An Accidental Termination Of A Human Pregnancy

Introduction Abortion is defined as the intentional termination of a human pregnancy. An abortion is often done so that the birth of a child doesn’t happen. Some say abortion is wrong and sinful while others say it’s a good idea since it won’t bring an unwanted child into the world. Abortion is also considered morally wrong since its killing a growing baby or fetus as it is often referred as. Abortion can also be seen as murder since the process of abortion kills the baby. Some argue that it should be the woman’s decision, but what about the baby? Doesn’t he/she get the right to live? It might not be moral, but is it legal to have an abortion procedure in the U.S? Does the government stand by this heinous act? Now, when women make these kind of decisions do they look at what it could possibly do to their health, how is it affected? Don’t they feel any remorse for this horrible deed? How can people continue living a perfectly normal life knowing that they agreed to kill a defenseless baby? Not all the reasons to get and abortion are wrong some might be life threatening cases like the child might not make it to birth or the mother is not strong enough and both lives are at risk. Possibly the woman got raped and doesn’t want the baby to be the constant reminder of that incident. But is that a good enough reason to take someone’s life? For the foreseeable future abortion will be an extremely hot topic for discussion. Women rights A lot of people argue that abortion should goShow MoreRelatedAbortion : An Accidental Termination Of A Human Pregnancy1272 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Abortion is defined as the intentional termination of a human pregnancy. An abortion is often done so that the birth of a child doesn’t happen. Some say abortion is wrong and sinful while others say it’s a good idea since it won’t bring an unwanted child into the world. Abortion is also considered morally wrong since its killing a growing baby or fetus as it is often referred as. Abortion can also be seen as murder since the process of abortion kills the baby. Some argue that it shouldRead MoreIs Abortion Wrong? Abortion? Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesTonitta Tottress Kelly Eliis 11/1/14 Eng. 1302 Is Abortion Wrong? What is abortion? Well some say it’s the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Maybe it’s when the pregnancy is ended so that it does not result in the birth of a child known as termination birth (www.bpas.org) and last but not least from the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, they state that â€Å"abortion is ending a pregnancy before the fetus (unborn child) can live independentlyRead MoreThe Morality of Abortion Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Morality of Abortion On the question of abortion being moral, the answer is clearly that terminating a fetus life under certain circumstances is not only moral, but it is also our responsibility to terminate it if the quality of life is in question for the fetus. A second major reason is that to declare abortion immoral would mean that we would have to consider the factor of how the conception came about. This cannot and should not be done. Quality is a major factor in the questionRead MoreAgainst Or Forward About Abortion1749 Words   |  7 PagesForward about Abortion Today’s society consists of many health concerns, unresolved, and controversial issues. Many of these issues can be viewed in relation to one’s morals, ethics, and religious beliefs. This creates a society that is divided by opposing viewpoints. The 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary defines abortion as, â€Å"The termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus as a spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus duringRead MoreAbortion: Murder or Necessity766 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion: Murder or Necessity Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo before it is viable. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced. Abortion, when induced in accordance with the local law, is among the safest procedures in medicine. However, unsafe abortions (those performed by persons without proper training or outside of a medical environment)Read MoreLegalization of Abortion: A Controversy2153 Words   |  9 PagesAbortion Should abortion be legalized? Part One: Introduction and Thesis Abortion is the termination to a pregnancy after the baby has been conceived. It basically involves the woman putting an end to her underdeveloped embryo or the fetus. This may be done at different stages of the pregnancy and may be done for various reasons. The controversy exists between whether or not this is ethical and whether it should be legalized. Some countries allow the woman to put an end to her pregnancy withRead MoreOn Thomson s A Defense Of Abortion Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesOn Thomson’s â€Å"A Defense of Abortion† Abortion is the intentional and deliberate termination of a human pregnancy that results in the death of a fetus. It is a practice that has sparked many debates centering around arguments over women’s right and fetal rights. Judith Jarvis Thomson’s essay, â€Å"A Defense of Abortion,† argues that a fetus’s right to life does not always override a women’s right over her own body and thus abortion is not morally impermissible. By using thought experiments, ThomsonRead MoreShould Abortion Be Banned?1847 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is an induced and sudden termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortions, Medical and Surgical. The medical method involves taking two pills within 24 hours of each other thus killing the fetus, but this method is usually done during 3-7 weeks of pregnancy. The surgical method, on the other hand involves a doctor removing the inner lining of the womb, either manual vacuum aspiration or di latation suction curettage. Both of these methods use a suction processRead MoreThe Issue Of Value Of Abortion1558 Words   |  7 Pagesher life is valued, and an unborn child is no different. Abortion is murder and should be put to an end now. Although one may call an unborn child useless, or out of touch with physical reality, it would be a ghastly mistake to say that an unborn child’s life is of no value. This is type of message that abortion is portraying in society. The word abortion means deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Additionally, the evil of abortion has a negative impact on the quality of the mother’s lifeRead MoreEthical Theories Of The Debate Over Abortion1741 Words   |  7 Pagesof them is that it is considered selfish. Egoism, is not necessarily selfish in that it may be in your own self-interest to do something for others. To help further explain my understanding of egoism, I’d like to bring up the topic of abortion. The debate over abortion has been going on for a while. As time goes by, my opinions on the topic have changed, especially when I learn about the different arguments each side makes. I will take some arguments from both sides to help explain egoism. Through

The State Of Dental Care For Native Americans Essay

Irregardless of your political stance; healthcare is a service that all people should have access to, private, or public. In the wealthiest country in the world, millions of Native Americans on reservations are stifled from receiving the much needed dental care they deserve, and the consequences are harming. The state of dental care for Native Americans is appalling. Native Americans are faced with oral ailments at a ridiculously disproportionate rate compared to other ethnic or cultural groups, and have limited access to adequate care. Despite the valiant efforts of sovereign tribal governments, the obstacles that they face are difficult to overcome alone. Reform is necessary; and must be accomplished as soon as possible, so dental care can be provided to thousands of people in need. Tribal sovereignty is the right of independent authority for governing tribal members. In regards to dental care, this is the right to train, license, and employ dental care professionals. Right now it is not working, in the case of dental care. Alaskan Tribal Members are a prime example of just how difficult it is to provide accessible healthcare to Native Americans. In a study about improving the oral health of Alaskan Natives, published on PubMed Central of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, it was stated that â€Å"Disregarding the 3 largest population centers in Alaska [Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau], the state has a population density of about 0.5 people per square mile,Show MoreRelatedThe American Dental Association Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesRegardless of your political stance, dental care is a service that all people should have access to, privately, or publicly. In the United States alone, millions of Native Americans on reservations are stifled from receiving the much needed dental care they require, the consequences are harmful to their health and prosperity. Tribal sovereignty is defined as the right for an independent tribal authority to govern its members. In regards to dental care, this is the right to train, license, and employRead MoreBenefits Of Indian Health Services1001 Words   |  5 PagesWhat do you think when you hear health care providers and the services they provide? The ACA has increased government interaction with the healthcare system by developing several of the government initiatives that focus on improving the ability of individuals to make informed decisions about their health care. In this paper, it will provide information about few providers and the services that they provide as well as the quality of attention. Health Care Providers and Products. Indian Health ServicesRead MoreI m Scared Of The Dentist1647 Words   |  7 Pagesright place. At Aesthetic Dental Center, we meet patients every day who battle some level of dental fear or anxiety. We work hard to help patients with this problem get the care they need. Even if you are very fearful (even phobic), we can help you. Don’t let your fear or anxiety get in the way of good oral health. Don’t Let Fear Wreck Your Smile We regularly meet patients who have waited too long to make their appointment due to fear. These patients often have advanced dental issues, such as seriousRead MoreThe Native American Indian Population1293 Words   |  6 Pageschosen is the Native American population, also known as American Indian. Aside from the information given by this course, a Children’s Literature class taken at the Newark branch of the Ohio State University also contributed to my decision. During a lecture there was a guest speaker of Native American descent, she grew up on a reservation, and in her work she wrote and illustrated the Native American culture and lifestyle. Her lecture consisted of the perspective of the Native American population duringRead MoreThe American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry1749 Words   |  7 Pagesmany believe that dental care is relatively attainable for individuals across the United States, research proves otherwise. Especially for those thought to be the future of ou r nation: children. Often times, children that are most vulnerable and least likely to receive care are those who are in the direst need. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry reports that over 37% of children are not provided dental visits and 4.3 million children are living with severe unmet dental needs that can greatlyRead MoreOral Health And The Practice Of Treating Disease As Isolated And Distinct Problems1502 Words   |  7 PagesSyndemics in Oral Health Syndemics, is the critique of the practice of treating disease as isolated and distinct problems. 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This paper focuses on how vulnerable populations get healthcare aid and what situations

Nursing Leadership and Policy Development

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Leadership and Policy Development. Answer: Intoduction: Hospital-acquired infections are responsible for several deaths occurring in patients, which led to an emergence of the National Audit and standard infection control precautions in every country (Carrucan et al. 2015). Hospital-acquired infections effect the inpatient population thereby increasing the length of stay, hospital cost, morbidity and mortality. Literature evidence shows the link between "hand washing and transmission of infection." To prevent nosocomial infection in hospital setting hand hygiene practice is the single most effective method reported in literature (Dyson et al. 2013). The British government has introduced "Clinical governance" in 1998 (Trong 2013). It is recognized as a framework that refers to the accountability of the health organizations to ensure high standards of care and improve the quality of the care services (Newman et al. 2015). The essay is based on the clinical audit of adherence to hand washing in mental health setting using the standard audit criteria. The paper provides a brief literature review on clinical audit and its significance which was commenced after the start of the project. The essay suggests the improvement strategies for hand hygiene practices after the audit. Clinical governance laid emphasis on conducting the clinical audit to measure the implementation of the infection control policies and procedures (Spigelman and Rendalls 2015). According to Boudjema et al. (2014) clinical audit is a clinically led initiative to measure the health professional practices in the hospital setting. It is a tool to examine and modify the practices of clinicians to align with the established national standards and best available evidence. The benefits of auditing include infection control, improved quality of patient care and professional development (Nicholson 2014). In recent years, many hand hygiene practice audits have been conducted in various health care setting and have been documented. There are five stages of audit, and the first step is to select the topic for audit considering relevant questions (Szilgyi et al. 2013). For example- Is there any serious patient complaints on care quality? What is the priority of the problem to the organization? Is it amenable to change by investing effort and time? The purpose of auditing the hand washing practice in health care setting is because of the literature evidence linking hand washing and transmission of infection (Nicholson 2014) Hand hygiene is an essential practice to ensure infection control in the hospital setting. In most of the literature good compliance with hand washing protocol is found to depend on various factors (Jain et al. 2015). It is commonly documented that inappropriate facilities are the commonest barrier to good hand hygiene adherence (Boudjema et al. 2015). Therefore, assessment of hand hygiene technique performed by the health care staff is as essential as measuring when and how they perform it. One way to assess is by observation of hand washing technique periodically to know if the staff is using an adequate volume of gel, liquid soap or alcohol-based hand rub (White et al. 2015). The clinical audit helps to know if the staff is using the required product for hand wash for a sufficient period and if they are a voiding recontamination after hand wash. Such audit also helps to identify if there are adequate facilities in the health care setting to enable strong compliance with the good hand hygiene practice (Azim and McLaws 2014). Further White et al. (2015) stated that the hand washing behaviour among health workers is complex and is influenced by individual perception, attitudes, beliefs and institutional commitment. Consequently, the audit reveals that the practice is compliant or non-compliant which corresponds to the second stage of the audit (Szilgyi et al. 2013) The rationale for selecting the mental health setting for auditing the hand washing procedure because in much of the literature it is reported that it is challenging for the psychiatric facilities to implement infection control practice. This is attributed to the fact that mostly hand hygiene protocols are designed for acute care facilities (Gallo and Barlow 2012). This is because these facilities include areas and procedures where hands are soiled such as exposure to body fluid. The lack of hand hygiene guidelines in mental health setting is less likelihood of the nurses and the health professionals to engage and contact the patient intimately thereby minimising the need of hand washing (Stewardson et al. 2016). The cause of infection in mental health settings is patients with mental illnesses who do not care for themselves or maintain cleanliness. Therefore, it increases the risk of nosocomial infection and transmission (Wolf and Fazel 2016). The population chosen for hand wash aud iting includes nursing staff. The medical staff and the nurses are the agents of change in practice. They can promote and ensure infection control by sharing their good hand washing knowledge and practices with the qualified staff (White et al. 2015). The total number of participants who completed the questionnaire were 114 out of which 44% were registered mental health nurses and all of age 25-50 years, and 46% were unqualified staff including domestic staff and care workers. Demographic details are not shared to maintain anonymity. The facility studied in this survey provides care for elderly people with the range of cognitive problems. They are considered at risk for not strictly adhering to hand hygiene protocol and need regular prompts regarding the same. Before clinical audit is written consent was taken from the selected population for audit as mentioned by (Szilgyi et al. 2013). Also, the author has performed a thorough literature review to get insights into the standards set for audit. According to the recommendations of "World Health Organisation," hand washing is required for contacting a patient at five different points also known as five moments of hand wash (Appndix). These include exposure to body fluids, before the aseptic task, before and after the patient contact and also their surrounding (Chou et al. 2012). As per the "National Institute for Clinical Excellence" standards, after every episode of direct contact with a patient, hands must be decontaminated immediately (Rawlins 2015). In fact, in any case or different patient care activities that result in hand contamination, hand washing is recommended with "alcohol-based hand rub" unless the hands are visibly soiled. Yue et al. (2014) analyzed that alcohol-based hand rub has more efficiency when compared to antiseptic soap in decontamination of hand. The author uses these standards to design an audit plan for their measurement. The third stage of audit requires a collection of data from the current practice by the assigned examiner (Szilgyi et al. 2013). For this purpose, questionnaire is chosen as an instrument that will assist in collecting accurate data as mentioned in Appendix to determine the adherence of nursing staff to the hand hygiene practice. The audit tool was designed to contain two parts. In the first part of the questionnaire the respondents have to answer as YES/NO. Three questions were framed for the registered nurses In the second part of the questionnaire, 12 questions were framed (Appendix). After designing the audit tool, the examiner starts with the observation of practice particularly during the busy hours to identify any non-compliance. As per the data collected from the first part of the questionnaire, 80% of the participants used the correct procedure for hand wash. All the participants dried their hands thoroughly after hand wash. Hand hygiene before the patient contact was implemented by 40% of the nurses, and after patient contact, 100% of nurses implemented hand hygiene. As per the results obtained from the second part of the questionnaire, 92% of the participants answered that ABHR was always available in the work area with 8% answering that it was not available. Majority of the participants preferred ABHR over the use of soap and water. When asked they answered that soap was effective only when the hands were visibly soiled. This response was in alignment with 100% negative response to the question If your hands are visibly soiled do you cleanse your hands with ABHR? All the participants answered yes to the question do ABHR save time when performing hand hygiene. As per the results 90% of the respondents feel that ABHR adequately cleans their hands. When asked about the presence of alcohol/detergent impregnated wipes in the practice area for equipments like stethoscopes the participants were confused. As the nurses have busy schedule they tend to forget about the alcohol wipes. It was the reason why most of the participants could not recall if wipes were present. To this question only 58% answered true and 42% answered false. Among the participants, 50% agreed using alcohol/detergent impregnated wipes to regularly wipe their equipment, 92% agreed to have easy accessibility to hospital-supplied moisturiser and regularly used it 3 times a shift. The reaming 8% nurses could not access the moisturiser and could not answer where it would be placed otherwise. The remaining nurses who do not use moisturiser was due to time constraint and busy schedule although all the participants were aware of its benefits. Only 23% of the participants agreed that they have attended in-service on hand hygiene in the last 12 months but all of them have not completed the on-line learning package. 100% nurses believe that hand washing is an important feature for infection control. Nurses (44%) were aware of the guidelines related to "patient hand washing." However, only 38% of them could give the guidance details. It was evident from the results that there were no issues such as lack of washing facilities. When asked about the barriers to hand wash prevention the staff reported that there were low staffing levels; forgetfulness by staff, a size of washbasins, and lack of time. One of the nurses stated that hand washing was not required as they were not exposed to patients body fluid (urine or saliva) and because they were assisted by other staff. Only 83% of the nurses washed hands before donning gloves whereas all of them performed hand hygiene after removing gloves. The audit data was compared to the set standards to compare and determine if the nurses and staff met the hand hygiene practice standards. The results concluded that the hand washing standards were not fully met. The correct procedure for hand washing was implemented by only 80% of the registered mental health nurses. As per the guidelines of NICE, both before and after the patient, contact hands must be thoroughly decontaminated (Yue et al. 2014). However, in this psychiatric facility, sixty per cent of the nurses failed to practice hand hygiene before patient activity such as assisting with ADLs, applying oxygen masks, administering oral meds. This is an extremely low percentage of adherences to the hand hygiene standards. However, all the nurses performed hand hygiene after touching patient and after exposure to the body fluid of the patient and also after the risk of body fluid exposure. Only 35% of the nurses performed hand hygiene after touching the patients surrounding such as cleaning dining table or changing bed linen. Similarly the percentage of the nurses washing hands before any procedure such as opening a sterile material, instilling eye drops was found to be only 55%. According to the "Nursing and Midwifery Council," the staff must prevent any action that has the potential to harm them, other staff and their patients (Newman et al. 2015). When ten observations of hand wash were noted nine of the instances either followed or preceded with the patient contact. The overall percentage of registered nurses who demonstrated a correct hand hygiene technique was found satisfactory. This is the matter of grave concern as majority of the nurses did not follow the hand hygiene protocol despite being aware of its effectiveness in the infection control. Since the results are analysed, we commence with the fifth stage of an audit which is suggestions for improvement. It is suggested that regular training session on "correct hand hygiene procedure" should be organized. It should be carried out by trained nurse for infection control practice and with a stringent maintenance of attendance records of those attending the training. This will enhance the hand hygiene awareness among the staff and will educate them about the correct technique and time (Stewardson et al. 2013). There must be hospital policy of regular audit (every six months for four hours) implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. Further, there is a need of emphasizing hand hygiene more before and after the patient activity. All the healthcare professionals are advised to update their clinical audit knowledge by attending seminars and workshops (Huis et al. 2012). The barriers to hand washing in several cases were reported to be patient's aggressive behaviour (Wolf and Fazel 2016). For this study simple audit tool was chosen due to time constraints. Since most of the ha nd hygiene campaigns are mostly targeted to acute care setting; these survey findings may change this attitude. The proposed outcome of this study may be reinvigorated campaigns targeting psychiatric settings. References Azim, S. and McLaws, M.L., 2014. Doctor, do you have a moment? National Hand Hygiene Initiative compliance in Australian hospitals.Med J Aust,200(9), pp.534-7. Boudjema, S., Dufour, J.C., Aladro, A.S., Desquerres, I. and Brouqui, P., 2014. MediHandTrace: a tool for measuring and understanding hand hygiene adherence.Clinical Microbiology and Infection,20(1), pp.22-28. Carrucan, J., Smyth, W., Abernethy, G., Mason, M., Sparke, V., Hayes, M. and Shields, L., 2014. Patients' perceptions of hospital-acquired infections in two facilities in North Queensland, Australia: a pilot study.Annals of the Australasian College of Tropical Medicine,15, pp.55-56. Chou, D.T.S., Achan, P. and Ramachandran, M., 2012. The World Health Organization 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene.J Bone Joint Surg Br,94(4), pp.441-445. Dyson, J., Lawton, R., Jackson, C. and Cheater, F., 2013. Development of a theory-based instrument to identify barriers and levers to best hand hygiene practice among healthcare practitioners.Implementation Science,8(1), p.1. Gallo, K.P. and Barlow, D.H., 2012. Factors involved in clinician adoption and nonadoption of evidence?based interventions in mental health.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice,19(1), pp.93-106. Huis, A., van Achterberg, T., de Bruin, M., Grol, R., Schoonhoven, L. and Hulscher, M., 2012. A systematic review of hand hygiene improvement strategies: a behavioural approach.Implementation Science,7(1), p.1. Jain, S., Edgar, D., Bothe, J., Newman, H., Wilson, A., Bint, B., Brown, M., Alexander, S. and Harris, J., 2015. Reflection on observation: A qualitative study using practice development methods to explore the experience of being a hand hygiene auditor in Australia.American journal of infection control,43(12), pp.1310-1315. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Newman, H., Alexander, S., Bint, B., Bothe, J., Brown, M., Edgar, D., Harris, J., Jain, S. and Wilson, A., 2015. A QUALITATIVE STUDY USING PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT METHODS TO EXPLORE THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING A HAND HYGIENE AUDITOR IN AUSTRALIA.HNE Handover: For Nurses and Midwives,8(2). Nicholson, L., 2014. Healthcare-associated infections: the value of patient isolation.Nursing Standard,29(6), pp.35-44. Rawlins, M.D., 2015. National Institute for Clinical Excellence: NICE works.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,108(6), pp.211-219. Spigelman, A.D. and Rendalls, S., 2015. Clinical governance in Australia.Clinical Governance: An International Journal,20(2), pp.56-73. Stewardson, A.J., Allegranzi, B., Perneger, T.V., Attar, H. and Pittet, D., 2013. Testing the WHO hand hygiene self-assessment framework for usability and reliability.Journal of Hospital Infection,83(1), pp.30-35. Stewardson, A.J., Sax, H., Gayet-Ageron, A., Touveneau, S., Longtin, Y., Zingg, W. and Pittet, D., 2016. Enhanced performance feedback and patient participation to improve hand hygiene compliance of health-care workers in the setting of established multimodal promotion: a single-centre, cluster randomised controlled trial.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,16(12), pp.1345-1355. Szilgyi, L., Haidegger, T., Lehotsky, ., Nagy, M., Csonka, E.A., Sun, X., Ooi, K.L. and Fisher, D., 2013. A large-scale assessment of hand hygiene quality and the effectiveness of the WHO 6-steps.BMC infectious diseases,13(1), p.1. Taylor, A., Neuburger, J., Walker, K., Cromwell, D. and Groene, O., 2016. How is feedback from national clinical audits used? Views from English National Health Service trust audit leads.Journal of health services research policy, p.1355819615612826. Trong Tuan, L., 2013. The role of CSR in clinical governance and its influence on knowledge sharing.Clinical Governance: An International Journal,18(2), pp.90-113. White, K.M., Jimmieson, N.L., Graves, N., Barnett, A., Cockshaw, W., Gee, P., Page, K., Campbell, M., Martin, E., Brain, D. and Paterson, D., 2015. Key beliefs of hospital nurses hand-hygiene behaviour: protecting your peers and needing effective reminders.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,26(1), pp.74-78. White, K.M., Jimmieson, N.L., Obst, P.L., Graves, N., Barnett, A., Cockshaw, W., Gee, P., Haneman, L., Page, K., Campbell, M. and Martin, E., 2015. Using a theory of planned behaviour framework to explore hand hygiene beliefs at the 5 critical moments among Australian hospital-based nurses.BMC health services research,15(1), p.1. Wolf, A. and Fazel, S., 2016. Infection in people with severe mental illness.The Lancet Psychiatry,3(3), pp.203-204. www.hha.org.au. 2017. Hand Hygiene Observation - Coding Classification Sheet. [online] Available at: https://www.hha.org.au/UserFiles/file/AuditTools/CodingSheet2010-05-03.pdf [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Yue, J., Tabloski, P., Dowal, S.L., Puelle, M.R., Nandan, R. and Inouye, S.K., 2014. NICE to HELP: operationalizing National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines to improve clinical practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,62(4), pp.754-761.

Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq

The war between Iraq and Kuwait began in the year 1990. This war started after Iraq’s forces entered Kuwait by force. During the conflict, Iraq’s soldiers raped, robbed, and shot at the resisting Kuwaitis (King, 1991). In the attacks, some Kuwaitis managed to escape to the neighbouring countries unharmed. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before the war started, the US was no longer engaged in foreign military affairs after its devastating loss in the Vietnam War (King, 1991). However, the events of the war between Kuwait and Iraq forced the US to come to the defence of Kuwait in an operation named Operation Desert Shield. This operation involved several countries. Among those who supported this operation were some of the Arab countries who believed that the Iraqis expansion was a threat in the Middle East (King , 1991). Before the war started, UAE’s actions in the Middle East contributed to the Iraq-Kuwait conflicts during the early 1990s (Grossman, 1995). As such, Kuwait and UAE were disregarding OPEC’s regulations by flooding the world markets with cheap oil. By doing so, the two countries lowered the oil prices in the world markets. During this time, the Iraq’s economy was still unstable following the Iraq- Iran War. Therefore, Iraq needed to sell its oil in the world markets at a higher price to sustain its economy. However, UAE and Kuwait’s actions prevented Iraq from selling its oil at a higher price hence worsened their economic situations. Following this, Saddam Hussein was forced to attack Kuwait. Hussein hoped that by attacking Kuwait it could lead to a drop in UAE and Kuwait’s oil exports in the world markets. Through this, the UAE is said to have contributed to the Iraq and Kuwait War (Grossman, 1995). During the Iraq and Iran War, UAE did n ot participate in the conflicts. However, the Kuwait and Iraq War forced the UAE to join the allied forces in setting free the Kuwaitis from the Iraqis. Before the onset of the war, UAE was among the first Arab countries to oppose the plans by President Saddam Hussein to attack Kuwait. Its defence forces officials together with American forces designed a plan, which were to prevent Hussein’s forces from attacking Kuwaitis. Two weeks before the operation, UAE and the US conducted an air refuelling preparation program in an effort to warn Hussein’s government against its military desires. During this period, the UAE defence forces provided its military members to play active roles in the Operation Desert Storm. Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through this, the country contributed its air force personnel as pilots. Notably, UAE pilots joined the all ied forces in major air attacks across Iraq. Through this effort, Iraq’s infrastructure, communication facilities, military bases, and naval bases were destroyed. Correspondingly, through the combined effort by the UAE forces, American forces, and their allied forces, Iraq’s aircraft and air force facilities were destroyed within the first few weeks of Operation Shield Desert. Apart from contributing its forces as pilots to the operation, UAE provided more than 2000 forces to fight on the ground. With the effort of these individuals, the allied forces managed to defeat the Iraqi forces on the ground as air raids were being carried out. Most of the ground forces were situated in Kuwait. They were required to prevent Iraqis from returning to Iraq with Kuwait’s properties. Another way in which UAE contributed to the war was by providing the Americans with military bases. Before this war, the US military bases in the Middle East region were few and ill equipped. Ho wever, during the war between the Kuwait and Iraq the US military presence in the region increased with the setting up of more bases in UAE, Saudi Arabia and other American allied countries in the region (Metz, 1994). From the UAE’s bases, American forces could destroy Iraqis positions very easily. The US and the allied forces’ aircrafts, warships and other military facilities were stationed in the UAE and other US allied nations within the gulf region. In addition to the above contributions, the UAE government provided the allied forces with financial support during the Kuwait and Iraqi War. According to the country’s defense reports, UAE contributed $3.3 billion towards the liberation of Kuwait during the onset of the war (Metz, 1994). By mid 1991, the country had promised to support countries who were involved in the operation. Through this, their defense spending reached $6 billion on November 1991. The country initiated this move to help the involved count ries recover their economic losses resulting from this operation. To meet these huge military spending, the country increased its oil exports and prices during the period. When the war ended, UAE had played a very important role in ending the Iraqi and Kuwait War. Similarly, after the war, the country realized that its military defense system was weak. The events of the war enabled the country’s defense department to evaluate their abilities to defend themselves from external attacks. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was noted that the country needed extra military resources to defend themselves and their member states from external military attacks (Rugh, 2002). As a result, the UAE entered into an agreement with the US and the French governments to support its military with skills and equipments. References Gros sman, M. (1995). Encyclopedia of the Persian Gulf War. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. King, J. (1991). The Gulf War. New York: Dillon Press. Metz, H. C. (1994). Persian Gulf states: country studies (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Rugh, W. A. (2002). Diplomacy and defense policy of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This research paper on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War was written and submitted by user Hawkeye/Clint Barton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq Iraq-Kuwait war began in the year 1990. The conflict escalated following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. During this conflict, Iraq’s soldiers invaded Kuwait, raped, looted, and killed resisting Kuwaitis on the spot (King, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is alleged that the world learned about these atrocities from Kuwaitis who managed to escape to the neighbouring countries unharmed. Following the brutal attacks, the US was forced to intervene. Before the onset of the war, the US had made a decision that it was no longer going to engage in foreign military affairs after its devastating experience in Vietnam War (King, 1991). The US government mobilized its allies to come to the defence of Kuwait in an operation named Operation Desert Shield. During this operation, several countries took different roles in the alliance. Among those who supported this operation were some of the Arab countries who believed that Iraqis expansion was a threat in the Middle East (King, 1991). This paper seeks to highlight the role of United Arab Emirates, UAE, in the war. Initially, UAE’s operations in the Middle East were considered to have fuelled the Iraq- Kuwait conflicts during the early 1990s (Grossman, 1995). As such, Kuwait and UAE were disrespecting the OPECS directive by flooding the world markets with oil. By doing so, the two countries lowered the oil prices in the world markets. Since Iraq had not regained its economic stability following the Iraq- Iran war, the UAE and Kuwait’s actions in the oil market worsened their economic situations. With the two countries disrespecting the OPEC’s directives and the dire economic situation in Iraq, Saddam Hussein was forced to attack Kuwait. Saddam’s acts were meant to reduce the UAE and Kuwait’s oil exports in the wor ld market. Through this, the UAE is said to have contributed to the Iraq- Kuwait conflicts (Grossman, 1995). Previously, during the Iran-Iraq war, UAE was reluctant in joining the conflicts. However, during the Kuwait-Iraq war the country was forced to reverse its previous policy and join forces with its allies in liberating Kuwait. Before the onset of the war, UAE was among the first Arab countries to object the plans by President Saddam Hussein to invade Kuwait. Its defence forces officials joined forces with American forces and drafted a plan, which were to prevent Hussein’s forces from further attacks in Kuwait. Two weeks before the operation, UAE and the US conducted an air refuelling rehearsal program in an effort to warn the Iraqis government against their military ambitions. During this period, the UAE defence forces availed its personnel to play active roles in the Operation Desert Storm. Through this, the country contributed its air force personnel as pilots. Notabl y, UAE pilots joined the allied forces in major air attacks across Iraq.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through this effort, Iraq’s infrastructure, communication facilities, military bases, and naval bases were destroyed. Equally, through the concerted effort by the UAE forces, American forces, and their allied forces, Iraq’s aircraft and air force facilities were destroyed within the first few weeks of Operation Shield Desert. Throughout the operation, the UAE ground forces were estimated to be about 2000. With the effort of these individuals, the allied forces managed to conquer the Iraqi forces on the ground as air raids were being carried out. Most of the ground forces were situated in Kuwait. They were mandated to thwart Iraqis from retreating to Iraq with Kuwait’s properties. Other than providing the military personnel, UAE provided the Americans with military bases during the gulf war. Before this war, US military bases across the gulf region were few and ill equipped. However, during the gulf war the US military presence in the region increased with the setting up of more bases in UAE, Saudi Arabia and other American allied countries in the region (Metz, 1994). From the UAE’s bases, American forces were able to destroy Iraqis positions with ease. The US and the allied forces’ aircrafts, warships and other military facilities were stationed in the UAE and other US allied nations within the gulf region. Equally, during the war the UAE government provided the allied forces with financial support. According to the country’s defense reports, UAE contributed $3.3 billion towards the liberation of Kuwait during the onset of the war (Metz, 1994). By mid 1991, the country had pledged to support countries who were involved in the operation. Through this, their defense spending reached $6 billion on November 1991. The country initiated this move to help the involved countries recover their economic losses resulting from this operation. To meet these huge military spending, the country increased its oil exports and prices during the period. By the end of the war, the UAE had played a crucial role towards the liberation of Kuwait. At the end, the country realized that its defense system was inadequately prepared to tackle external military challenges. Similarly, after the war the GCC acknowledged that it lacked the military resources to defend their member states from external military attacks (Rugh, 2002). As a result, the UAE entered into an agreement with the US and the French governments to support its military with expertise and equipments.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Grossman, M. (1995). Encyclopedia of the Persian Gu lf War. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. King, J. (1991). The Gulf War. New York: Dillon Press. Metz, H. C. (1994). Persian Gulf states: country studies (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress . Rugh, W. A. (2002). Diplomacy and defense policy of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This research paper on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War was written and submitted by user Marc Hartman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Google Essays

Google Essays Google Essay Google Essay The consumers were changing their habits from the cheap greasy meal to the healthy fast food. It became less attractive to have the same unhealthy tasteless menu for lunch and dinner and their concerns about their health and diet increased. The major effects observed with MAC Donas were the decline of its sales and also the need of a new sale and advertisement strategy like store redesign, improving rive-through services and menu revision. The company established a new taste menu and was active In annual charities and social good deeds. 2- They were very well represented as the main agents competed to improve the consumers image of the fast food industry. For example Burger King, facilities were rebuilt, monthly menu changing and deals offered, and also established a permanent marketing strategy. 3- Some of MAC Donas strengths are its larger market share, the new lines like Mac fee, its early international expansion, technology innovation and its good market and advertising strategy. It was also considered a socially responsible company for its active work for community s betterment. But It failed to move towards non-hamburger line (pizza market etc) and healthy food image. The health related court Issues and the fierce competition from both hamburger and non-hamburger line were other weaknesses encountered. In conclusion MAC D will definitely have to target new market such as healthy food seekers salad, wings sandwiches etc. : But I believe the company is on the right track to progress. 4- MAC Donald should definitely consider a different strategy for heavy users as they represent a good growing percentage in their market share and regenerating with time. Strategies for different consumers. Reaching heavy users, healthy food seekers, MAC Cafe © n pastries lovers because new market segments were willing to pay extra more dollars for classier environment and tastier and healthier foods.

Analysis on Race (Black) and Representation in Media Essay

Analysis on Race (Black) and Representation in Media - Essay Example While the society has made giant strides towards toppling black discrimination and segregation, significant barriers still remain, reinforced by perceptions created in the media. This paper will look at how these perceptions are perpetuated, especially in music videos in the mass media. The video begins at what looks like Lil Wayne’s residence, and features static Major as his house guest. They seem to be preparing for a night out and are sprucing themselves up in front of a mirror, adjusting their gleaming jewellery and enquiring from each other on how they look. After they are done with their preparations, they leave the house and board an International TXT limousine. They are ushered into the limousine by a scantily clad woman who gives them a secretive glance. Once in the limousine, they seem surprised to find it filled with seemingly intoxicated and similarly scantily clad women. They proceed to make themselves comfortable among the women, who seem to be taken in by the t wo men, with Lil Wayne rapping along and miming to the song’s lyrics. They drive through Las Vegas and Lil Wayne also climbs to the top of the car to play a guitar. Stereotyping of black males in videos acts to serve various purposes, especially motivational and cognitive (Park et al. 159). A desire for the justification of the status quo acts to give life to activation and formation of stereotypes. Stereotyping in the media industry is as a result of the need to give information on the featured characters and to show the audience what to expect of the actions of the character. The media portrayal of black males, especially in music videos, creates an impression of what the society associate them with. In Lil Wayne’s Lollipop video, he is seen dressed in expensive clothing with overly extravagant jewellery. The image created from this video plays on the stereotype of black, ignorant characters, which Lil Wayne seems to enjoy portraying and thus creates an impression th at he is that stereotype. This, in turn, creates an impression in society that all rich black males live in that manner. Society at large then expects this same characterization, in real life, and this becomes a handicap to African Americans since they will be gauged using these same stereotypes, in job interviews and elective posts. It is not uncommon to see covertly racist media adverts, which play on these stereotypes, during elections, since this stereotype has already been endorsed, by powerful rappers, who have a lot of influence, in the African American society. African Americans are, therefore, not treated as seriously as other candidates in elections, and job interviews, where the interviewers may not have had close contact with African Americans, thus have their opinions formed by the stereotypes depicted in the videos. Representation of black males in music videos consists of exaggerated racial portrayals identifiable as parodies of stereotypes (Park et al. 161). Most mus ic videos will have black males from the ghetto wearing gang colours and flashing gang signs. While this is possible, gang affiliations are a crime in America and thus this can be misinterpreted to show African American young men as violent and unrepentant of the pain caused by gang wars. The media industry is flooded with representations of black males as members of

Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Communications - Essay Example The inter-dependence of the various elements within the system has vast potential to establish a market that is sustainable as well as mutually satisfying. Indeed, as per the video (persuaders), one of the major challenges of modern integrated marketing is anticipating the changing requirements of the people and using effective advertising to connect emotionally with the people. Kotler has defined IMC as the concept under which a company carefully integrates and coordinates its many communications channels to deliver a clear, consistent and compelling messages about the organization and its products (Kotler, 2009). Even though the customer base is increasing, it is becoming difficult not only to attract more customers but also to retain them. So, one need to add something ‘more’ on the existing products to make it more attractive without compromising much on the price. In fact, the more innovative the product and fancier the promotional techniques, the higher are its chances of capturing market space. Thereby, asserting that brands, advertising, and promotional techniques are very important tools of marketing. Baker and Hart have asserted that ‘putting people into marketing is essential for many reasons’ and not the least being that all businesses fundamentally cater to the needs of the people (Baker & Hart, 2007). Advertisements and media play a very crucial role in the strategy planning and are often used to define company’s position vis-Ã  -vis the market strategy for non market factors. A well defined market strategy is the key to success in any new market. The various media in the region are important tool to popularize the company and help establish its brand among the masses. Analysis and identification of the changing trends of the customer requirements are important ingredients to gain leverage against their rivals. Understanding of consumer psychology,

Geopolitical context Essay Example for Free

Geopolitical context Essay Syriana (2005) was directed by Stephen Gaghan and was produced by George Clooney, who also starred in it. The film, loosely adapted from Robert Baers memoir, See No Evil, is a thriller which focuses on contemporary themes and is highly relevant in todays geopolitical context. It tells four parallel stories, and the audience is taken on a lightning-paced, often confusing ride from Texas to Washington D. C. to Switzerland to Spain to the Middle East. This places it into the genre of hyperlink cinema, where storylines and characters interact subtly and events in one storyline have a distinct effect on other story lines, but the characters are not aware of this fully. Gaghans Syriana is similar in treatment to the documentary feel of Steven Soderberghs Traffic, which was written by Gaghan. While the latter had drug trade exposure as its main theme, both used interlocking stories to take the viewer on a spell-binding ride, which keeps throwing curves till the very end. The ensemble films central theme is petroleum politics and the widespread influence of the oil industry. Key plotlines focus on the political, economic, legal and social ramifications of this industry on CIA agent Bob Barnes (George Clooney) who is highly experienced in the Middle East but his stellar reputation is tainted by his failure in a mission involving missiles in Beirut, an energy analyst Bryan Woodman (Matt Damon) who is a friend of the Persian Gulf Prince Nasir Al-Subaai but suffers owing to this association, a lawyer in Washington Bennett Holiday (Jeffrey Wright) who is investigating the merger of two oil companies and Wasim Khan (Mazhar Munir), a Pakistani immigrant working for an oil company in an Arab country, which later fires him. The acting is top-notch and there is not a trace of bad acting in this movie. Clooney plays a man who has been exhausted by the CIAs war on Middle East terrorism, who on one hand is trying hard to get his son through college, and on the other has the power to order the assassination of the Persian Gulf Price because he chose China over the U. S. in an oil transaction. His acting has a hypnotic quality to it which stays with the viewer even after the final credits are rolled. Matt Damon also gives a brilliant performance who, much to his wifes horror, is perfectly willing to exploit the accidental death of his son in the Princes house for his own benefit. Tim Blake Nelson who plays Danny Dalton, the right-hand man of the executive at one of the oil companies involved in the merger, must also be mentioned for his amazing timing in the scene where he extols the safe and warm qualities of corruption. Syriana falls short of being a great movie, and ranks somewhere above average on the quality scale. The screen play is gripping, the dialogue sharp and the debates all those which gained relevance in the post 9/11 environment and stay so till now. The movie succeeds at telling its viewers how they should stop trying to understand the oil industry, because the real story is so complex it might not even be properly grasped by oil company executives, Arab monarchy, CIA agents or energy brokers anywhere in the world. The screenplay and direction both reflect a certain intelligence and the quality of research is impeccable. There are a number of individual scenes which contain an almost fierce power and energy in them, but they dont thread together the movie as a whole. The problem I faced with Syriana was that while I was spellbound throughout the duration of the movie, the various intermingled storylines confused me and I felt this happen more so because the characters in the movie itself are confused by the events around them and do not know exactly what kind of situations theyre involved in. The confusion of characters might have been written in the script, but in this particular case, it got passed on to the audience as well, which was in most probability, not the intention of the director. Another issue with the multifaceted stories were that some characters and plotlines were more developed and interesting, such as those of Matt Damon and George Clooney, while others, such as Jeffery Wrights could not impress, even with Wrights brilliant potential, simply because he just got about twenty minutes of screentime. Hence, while parts of the movie were good, they did not add up to a rewarding whole. Syriana is similar to Traffic in its aesthetic appeal: it has not been shot in a studio, rather to ensure the believability of the movie, production took place all around the globe to capture the true essence of the stunning landscapes and inimitable societies it would be depicting. The entire movie has been shot using a pair of hand-held cameras, which give the film its unique quasi-documentary feel and helps in providing context for some of the issues discussed in the movie. The movie is worth the two hours spent watching it, however, one ends up feeling that it was too ambitious a project where the execution could not deliver all that it was expected to. Nevertheless, Gaghans effort is commendable and the narrative of the oil industry is definitely eye-opening. His approach of not explaining everything and leaving the viewer to decide the right and wrong of it makes this movie a tough nut: gripping, complex, confusing and yet fascinating till the end.

Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Essa

Outline Thesis: At the moment, there is no definitive answer to the question of nature vs. nurture, there is, however, compelling evidence that the theory of Nature via. Nurture could be the solution. I. Introduction A. Nature versus Nurture II. Nature vs. Nurture A. Nature: Genetic Factors 1. Nature Defined 2. Genes Defined 3. Human Genome Project B. Nurture: Environmental Factors 1. Nurture Defined 2. Biological and Social Environment C. Behavioral Genetics III. Twins A. Twins Defined B. Types of Twins 1. Identical Twins 2. Fraternal Twins C. Twin Studies 1. Definition and Validity 2. The Skeptics of Twin Studies and Their Concerns 3. Minnesota Twin Study of Twins Reared Apart 4. Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) 5. Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) D. Twin Stories 1. Jim Twins 2. Beth and Amy 3. Harold and Bernard Shapiro 4. Judith and Julie Swain 5. Charlie and Bill Duke IV. Nature via Nurture V. Heritability A. Definition B. Personality C. Intelligence D. Toxic Environment E. Disease and Mental Illness VI. Political and Social Ramifications A. Biological Determinism VII. Conclusion An Introduction to Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Are we exclusively the creation of nature or the reflection of nurture? The first attempt to study nature and nurture was published by Sir Francis Galton in 1865. (Plomin, 2004) Galton wanted to know how to measure intelligence, what the components were and the degree to which it was inherited. (Santrock, 2004) He would be the first of many researchers to question the role of heredity. The first twin and adoption studies were published in 1924 by Sophie Van Senden Theis. (Plomin, ... ...nce on life events during the last half of the life span. Psychology and Aging. 5(1), 25-30. Plomin, R., Reiss, D.R., Hetherington, E.M., Howe, G.W. (1994) Nature and nurture: genetic contributions to measures of the family environment. Developmental Psychology. 30(1), 32-43. Ridley, M. (2003). What makes you who you are. Time. 161(22), 54-60. Santrock, J.W. (2004). Child development. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Segal, N. L. (1999). Entwined lives: Twins and what they tell us about human behavior. New York: Dutton Segal, N. L. (1999). New twin studies show: The career of your dreams may be the career of your genes. Psychology Today, 32(5), 54-8. Wright, L. (1997). Twins and what they tell us about who we are. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Wyatt, J. W. (1993). Identical Twins, Emergenesis, and Environments. American Psychologist. 1294-1295. Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Essa Outline Thesis: At the moment, there is no definitive answer to the question of nature vs. nurture, there is, however, compelling evidence that the theory of Nature via. Nurture could be the solution. I. Introduction A. Nature versus Nurture II. Nature vs. Nurture A. Nature: Genetic Factors 1. Nature Defined 2. Genes Defined 3. Human Genome Project B. Nurture: Environmental Factors 1. Nurture Defined 2. Biological and Social Environment C. Behavioral Genetics III. Twins A. Twins Defined B. Types of Twins 1. Identical Twins 2. Fraternal Twins C. Twin Studies 1. Definition and Validity 2. The Skeptics of Twin Studies and Their Concerns 3. Minnesota Twin Study of Twins Reared Apart 4. Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) 5. Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) D. Twin Stories 1. Jim Twins 2. Beth and Amy 3. Harold and Bernard Shapiro 4. Judith and Julie Swain 5. Charlie and Bill Duke IV. Nature via Nurture V. Heritability A. Definition B. Personality C. Intelligence D. Toxic Environment E. Disease and Mental Illness VI. Political and Social Ramifications A. Biological Determinism VII. Conclusion An Introduction to Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Are we exclusively the creation of nature or the reflection of nurture? The first attempt to study nature and nurture was published by Sir Francis Galton in 1865. (Plomin, 2004) Galton wanted to know how to measure intelligence, what the components were and the degree to which it was inherited. (Santrock, 2004) He would be the first of many researchers to question the role of heredity. The first twin and adoption studies were published in 1924 by Sophie Van Senden Theis. (Plomin, ... ...nce on life events during the last half of the life span. Psychology and Aging. 5(1), 25-30. Plomin, R., Reiss, D.R., Hetherington, E.M., Howe, G.W. (1994) Nature and nurture: genetic contributions to measures of the family environment. Developmental Psychology. 30(1), 32-43. Ridley, M. (2003). What makes you who you are. Time. 161(22), 54-60. Santrock, J.W. (2004). Child development. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Segal, N. L. (1999). Entwined lives: Twins and what they tell us about human behavior. New York: Dutton Segal, N. L. (1999). New twin studies show: The career of your dreams may be the career of your genes. Psychology Today, 32(5), 54-8. Wright, L. (1997). Twins and what they tell us about who we are. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Wyatt, J. W. (1993). Identical Twins, Emergenesis, and Environments. American Psychologist. 1294-1295.

What’s wrong with Walmart?

Adding to the articles provided in the class, I chose â€Å"Walmart Mexico Bribery Case† and â€Å"Walmart Offers Jobs to Veterans†. Reading these articles, I once more thought that Walmart is a huge company. Walmart employs about 1. 4 million people in the United States. They operate more than 10,800 retail units under 69 banners in 27 countries. In 2013, the magazine ‘Fortune’ ranked Walmart as a biggest company in the United States. These numbers all show that Walmart is a large company and it is hard to operate. Walmart have a central office in Arkansas, and the chief executive and board member make all the important decisions and policy of the company. However, if the company has so many employees and the shops, it is difficult to control all the employees. Thus in the ‘Pollutant Dumping Case’, the Walmart California store improperly disposed hazardous waste. The central office had a comprehensive and industry-leading hazardous waste program, but this issue made it clear that some of the workers were not aware how to handle hazardous waste. Additionally, the other article was about the Walmart protest movement. At first, I did not know about the OUR Walmart, but I was surprised to find this organization. I could not find out how big the organization is, but the existence of OUR Walmart itself tells us that Walmart have many workers and the worker’s opinion is hard to reach to the chief executive. As a result they make protest movements to claim for better wages and improved working conditions. All in all, the recent Walmart issue is the evidence that the central office is struggling to control all of the shops in the U. S. and the other countries. All of the big companies with shops in many locations will suffer to manage the workers. To solve this problem it is necessary to make manual, guidelines, instructions, hotlines, help lines, and audits. If the company failed to make these systems and have a high commitment with the top manager, the company will likely to corrupt or make mistakes like Walmart.

Case Analysis Mistress Carla Faces Prostitution Trial

There were two articles about me in competing local newspapers on June 13, 1984. The Miami Herald’s headline read, Mistress Carla Faces Prostitution Trial, while the Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel (formerly the Fort Lauderdale News) declared, Judge OK’s Police Actions. Journalists and photographers of both major local newspapers didn t miss any opportunity to blast my name and photos for the world to see. My involvement with the State of Florida had ended up in a political witch-trial with much fire, magnitude, and media coverage. My lawyer said in his career he had never had a file as thick, or a case which had turned as dirty as mine. Several articles about my legal battle were covered in the front page of the Metro section of the†¦show more content†¦I know I promised you no jail time but I never thought the cops and the state attorney would take this so far. We need to find expert witnesses who will testify at your trial.† â€Å"What will they testify to?† â€Å"They can educate the jury as to the socially redeeming qualities and psychological aspects of domination and what you do. What happens in your dungeon has nothing to do with prostitution. I know it’s expensive and your funds are low but you’re going to have to come up with the money. It would be good to have a professional jury picker too. That’s someone, usually a psychologist, who can help me during voir dire identify the jurors who will be most sympathetic to you.† â€Å"How much are you talking about, Dennis?† â€Å"Twenty grand, at least.† My attorney replied. â€Å"And this is on top of your fee?† I inquired with a gulp in my throat. â€Å"Yes.† Dennis responded quickly with a serious look on his face. I sat motionless and dumbfounded in one of the burgundy, leather-bound arm chairs in front of Dennis desk. The more he spoke, the more muffled his voice sounded, with intermittent parts of words deafening. I could smell his potent, Gucci cologne mixed with a slight scent of the furniture polish. In the distant background, the piped in music was softly playing one of my very favorite oldies from 1959, a tune my grandmother loved to listen to called Only You, by Franck Pourcel’ s French Fiddles. After Dennis’s declaration that not only