Rhetorical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein

A common tactic used by many anti-slavery writers in the Romantic Era is â€Å"in speaking for and/or giving voice to an estranged or silenced other†, by giving the victim of the power struggle the rhetorical devices needed to gain power (Kitson, 519). Shelley gives the creature not just a voice, but an entire Volume of the book. However, she does this in an effort to reinforce the â€Å"moral superiority [which] means that [Frankenstein] will rarely question the validity of his own society’s formation and that he will not be inclined to expend any energy in understanding the worthless alterity of the colonized† (JanMohamed, 65). In other words, the creature’s words only reinforce the struggle of power between the creature and Frankenstein. Instead of giving a voice with which the creature can gain power, Shelley uses this voice to break the monster further by reinforcing the ideas of Frankenstein. Directly, Shelley allows Frankenstein to initially sympath ize with the creature, whose â€Å"words had a strange effect upon me†¦[but] when I saw the filthy mass†¦my heart sickened and my feelings were altered to those of horror and hatred†¦ I could not sympathize with him,† (Shelly, 103); but eventually, when the reality of the creature as a monster (and not a human) is recognized, Shelley leaves no room for sympathy. Not only does Frankenstein’s perception go against prominent anti-slavery writer Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s message that â€Å"no man is wicked without temptation, no man is wretchedShow MoreRelatedMetamorphoses Within Frankenstein14861 Words   |  60 PagesThe Critical Metamorphoses of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein You must excuse a trif ling d eviation, From Mrs. Shelley’s marvellous narration — from th e musical Frankenstein; or, The Vamp ire’s Victim (1849) Like Coleridge’ s Ancient Mariner , who erupts into Mary Sh elley’s text as o ccasionally and inev itably as th e Monster into Victor Frankenstein’s lif e, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometh eus passes, like night, from land to land and w ith stang ely ad aptable powers of speech Read MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 PagesG F I C T I O N MODULE 1 1.1. The fictional world of a literary work Literature is writing that can be read in many ways. We can read it as a form of history, biography, or autobiography. We can read it as an example of linguistic structures or rhetorical conventions manipulated for special effect. We can view it as a material product of the culture that produced it. We can see it as an expression of beliefs and values of a particular class. We can also see a work of literature as a selfcontained

Abortion An Accidental Termination Of A Human Pregnancy

Introduction Abortion is defined as the intentional termination of a human pregnancy. An abortion is often done so that the birth of a child doesn’t happen. Some say abortion is wrong and sinful while others say it’s a good idea since it won’t bring an unwanted child into the world. Abortion is also considered morally wrong since its killing a growing baby or fetus as it is often referred as. Abortion can also be seen as murder since the process of abortion kills the baby. Some argue that it should be the woman’s decision, but what about the baby? Doesn’t he/she get the right to live? It might not be moral, but is it legal to have an abortion procedure in the U.S? Does the government stand by this heinous act? Now, when women make these kind of decisions do they look at what it could possibly do to their health, how is it affected? Don’t they feel any remorse for this horrible deed? How can people continue living a perfectly normal life knowing that they agreed to kill a defenseless baby? Not all the reasons to get and abortion are wrong some might be life threatening cases like the child might not make it to birth or the mother is not strong enough and both lives are at risk. Possibly the woman got raped and doesn’t want the baby to be the constant reminder of that incident. But is that a good enough reason to take someone’s life? For the foreseeable future abortion will be an extremely hot topic for discussion. Women rights A lot of people argue that abortion should goShow MoreRelatedAbortion : An Accidental Termination Of A Human Pregnancy1272 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Abortion is defined as the intentional termination of a human pregnancy. An abortion is often done so that the birth of a child doesn’t happen. Some say abortion is wrong and sinful while others say it’s a good idea since it won’t bring an unwanted child into the world. Abortion is also considered morally wrong since its killing a growing baby or fetus as it is often referred as. Abortion can also be seen as murder since the process of abortion kills the baby. Some argue that it shouldRead MoreIs Abortion Wrong? Abortion? Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesTonitta Tottress Kelly Eliis 11/1/14 Eng. 1302 Is Abortion Wrong? What is abortion? Well some say it’s the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Maybe it’s when the pregnancy is ended so that it does not result in the birth of a child known as termination birth (www.bpas.org) and last but not least from the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, they state that â€Å"abortion is ending a pregnancy before the fetus (unborn child) can live independentlyRead MoreThe Morality of Abortion Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Morality of Abortion On the question of abortion being moral, the answer is clearly that terminating a fetus life under certain circumstances is not only moral, but it is also our responsibility to terminate it if the quality of life is in question for the fetus. A second major reason is that to declare abortion immoral would mean that we would have to consider the factor of how the conception came about. This cannot and should not be done. Quality is a major factor in the questionRead MoreAgainst Or Forward About Abortion1749 Words   |  7 PagesForward about Abortion Today’s society consists of many health concerns, unresolved, and controversial issues. Many of these issues can be viewed in relation to one’s morals, ethics, and religious beliefs. This creates a society that is divided by opposing viewpoints. The 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary defines abortion as, â€Å"The termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus as a spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus duringRead MoreAbortion: Murder or Necessity766 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion: Murder or Necessity Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo before it is viable. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced. Abortion, when induced in accordance with the local law, is among the safest procedures in medicine. However, unsafe abortions (those performed by persons without proper training or outside of a medical environment)Read MoreLegalization of Abortion: A Controversy2153 Words   |  9 PagesAbortion Should abortion be legalized? Part One: Introduction and Thesis Abortion is the termination to a pregnancy after the baby has been conceived. It basically involves the woman putting an end to her underdeveloped embryo or the fetus. This may be done at different stages of the pregnancy and may be done for various reasons. The controversy exists between whether or not this is ethical and whether it should be legalized. Some countries allow the woman to put an end to her pregnancy withRead MoreOn Thomson s A Defense Of Abortion Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesOn Thomson’s â€Å"A Defense of Abortion† Abortion is the intentional and deliberate termination of a human pregnancy that results in the death of a fetus. It is a practice that has sparked many debates centering around arguments over women’s right and fetal rights. Judith Jarvis Thomson’s essay, â€Å"A Defense of Abortion,† argues that a fetus’s right to life does not always override a women’s right over her own body and thus abortion is not morally impermissible. By using thought experiments, ThomsonRead MoreShould Abortion Be Banned?1847 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is an induced and sudden termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortions, Medical and Surgical. The medical method involves taking two pills within 24 hours of each other thus killing the fetus, but this method is usually done during 3-7 weeks of pregnancy. The surgical method, on the other hand involves a doctor removing the inner lining of the womb, either manual vacuum aspiration or di latation suction curettage. Both of these methods use a suction processRead MoreThe Issue Of Value Of Abortion1558 Words   |  7 Pagesher life is valued, and an unborn child is no different. Abortion is murder and should be put to an end now. Although one may call an unborn child useless, or out of touch with physical reality, it would be a ghastly mistake to say that an unborn child’s life is of no value. This is type of message that abortion is portraying in society. The word abortion means deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Additionally, the evil of abortion has a negative impact on the quality of the mother’s lifeRead MoreEthical Theories Of The Debate Over Abortion1741 Words   |  7 Pagesof them is that it is considered selfish. Egoism, is not necessarily selfish in that it may be in your own self-interest to do something for others. To help further explain my understanding of egoism, I’d like to bring up the topic of abortion. The debate over abortion has been going on for a while. As time goes by, my opinions on the topic have changed, especially when I learn about the different arguments each side makes. I will take some arguments from both sides to help explain egoism. Through

The State Of Dental Care For Native Americans Essay

Irregardless of your political stance; healthcare is a service that all people should have access to, private, or public. In the wealthiest country in the world, millions of Native Americans on reservations are stifled from receiving the much needed dental care they deserve, and the consequences are harming. The state of dental care for Native Americans is appalling. Native Americans are faced with oral ailments at a ridiculously disproportionate rate compared to other ethnic or cultural groups, and have limited access to adequate care. Despite the valiant efforts of sovereign tribal governments, the obstacles that they face are difficult to overcome alone. Reform is necessary; and must be accomplished as soon as possible, so dental care can be provided to thousands of people in need. Tribal sovereignty is the right of independent authority for governing tribal members. In regards to dental care, this is the right to train, license, and employ dental care professionals. Right now it is not working, in the case of dental care. Alaskan Tribal Members are a prime example of just how difficult it is to provide accessible healthcare to Native Americans. In a study about improving the oral health of Alaskan Natives, published on PubMed Central of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, it was stated that â€Å"Disregarding the 3 largest population centers in Alaska [Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau], the state has a population density of about 0.5 people per square mile,Show MoreRelatedThe American Dental Association Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesRegardless of your political stance, dental care is a service that all people should have access to, privately, or publicly. In the United States alone, millions of Native Americans on reservations are stifled from receiving the much needed dental care they require, the consequences are harmful to their health and prosperity. Tribal sovereignty is defined as the right for an independent tribal authority to govern its members. In regards to dental care, this is the right to train, license, and employRead MoreBenefits Of Indian Health Services1001 Words   |  5 PagesWhat do you think when you hear health care providers and the services they provide? The ACA has increased government interaction with the healthcare system by developing several of the government initiatives that focus on improving the ability of individuals to make informed decisions about their health care. In this paper, it will provide information about few providers and the services that they provide as well as the quality of attention. Health Care Providers and Products. Indian Health ServicesRead MoreI m Scared Of The Dentist1647 Words   |  7 Pagesright place. At Aesthetic Dental Center, we meet patients every day who battle some level of dental fear or anxiety. We work hard to help patients with this problem get the care they need. Even if you are very fearful (even phobic), we can help you. Don’t let your fear or anxiety get in the way of good oral health. Don’t Let Fear Wreck Your Smile We regularly meet patients who have waited too long to make their appointment due to fear. These patients often have advanced dental issues, such as seriousRead MoreThe Native American Indian Population1293 Words   |  6 Pageschosen is the Native American population, also known as American Indian. Aside from the information given by this course, a Children’s Literature class taken at the Newark branch of the Ohio State University also contributed to my decision. During a lecture there was a guest speaker of Native American descent, she grew up on a reservation, and in her work she wrote and illustrated the Native American culture and lifestyle. Her lecture consisted of the perspective of the Native American population duringRead MoreThe American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry1749 Words   |  7 Pagesmany believe that dental care is relatively attainable for individuals across the United States, research proves otherwise. Especially for those thought to be the future of ou r nation: children. Often times, children that are most vulnerable and least likely to receive care are those who are in the direst need. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry reports that over 37% of children are not provided dental visits and 4.3 million children are living with severe unmet dental needs that can greatlyRead MoreOral Health And The Practice Of Treating Disease As Isolated And Distinct Problems1502 Words   |  7 PagesSyndemics in Oral Health Syndemics, is the critique of the practice of treating disease as isolated and distinct problems. In dental care, the link between illness and oral diseases are not looked at with a syndemic approach. Nolan Kline (2013) mentions in his article: Syndemic understandings of health can offer suggestions on how to effectively treat concurrent illnesses†¦ Research emphasizing the role of socioeconomic status (SES) on syndemic health conditions has shown how mutually reinforcingRead MoreDental Tips For Dental School1458 Words   |  6 PagesIf I decide to go to dental school and become a dentist, my job duties will consist of treating issues of the teeth and surrounding tissues in the mouth and also providing insight to prevent future dental problems (Dentist Job Description - Job Descriptions). The role of dentists in society is to monitor oral hygiene of patients in order to prevent gum disease which can further lead to heart disease, ultimately reducing casualties from oral cancers and heart disease (Gum Disease Can Lead to HighRead MoreI Am Walking The Halls Of An American School763 Words   |  4 PagesIt was August 2001, the first year I would be walking the halls of an American school. The year before I was in my na tive country of South Korea which has a much different culture than the United States. I was unable to find interest in many of the things typical American teens would occupy their time with. It was during that time that I met a dentist who allowed me to shadow and perform basic dental duties such as replacing the rubber bands on his patients’ braces and peeling an apple with aRead MoreAbortion : A Common Medical Procedure979 Words   |  4 Pages2000. Studies show that one in three women will have an abortion sometime in their life. There has been a constant religious and political debates between health care and abortion services. Many people believe they shouldn’t have to pay for their own abortion, just like they don’t have to pay for their birth control, doctor visits, or dental. This is an accusation that many pro-life people like to use on women who believe that anyone can have control on when and if they have children. The first thingRead MoreNursing Profession Vs. Dentistry Profession Essay2124 Words   |  9 PagesAccess to Care in the Nursing Profession vs. Dentistry Profession The nursing profession looks at access to care in many different aspects. The Affordable Care Act has changed the nursing profession. The Affordable Care Act has changed how nurses document and care for patients. Access to care in the nursing profession also refers to how different populations can get easily health services are available to them. This paper focuses on how vulnerable populations get healthcare aid and what situations

Nursing Leadership and Policy Development

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Leadership and Policy Development. Answer: Intoduction: Hospital-acquired infections are responsible for several deaths occurring in patients, which led to an emergence of the National Audit and standard infection control precautions in every country (Carrucan et al. 2015). Hospital-acquired infections effect the inpatient population thereby increasing the length of stay, hospital cost, morbidity and mortality. Literature evidence shows the link between "hand washing and transmission of infection." To prevent nosocomial infection in hospital setting hand hygiene practice is the single most effective method reported in literature (Dyson et al. 2013). The British government has introduced "Clinical governance" in 1998 (Trong 2013). It is recognized as a framework that refers to the accountability of the health organizations to ensure high standards of care and improve the quality of the care services (Newman et al. 2015). The essay is based on the clinical audit of adherence to hand washing in mental health setting using the standard audit criteria. The paper provides a brief literature review on clinical audit and its significance which was commenced after the start of the project. The essay suggests the improvement strategies for hand hygiene practices after the audit. Clinical governance laid emphasis on conducting the clinical audit to measure the implementation of the infection control policies and procedures (Spigelman and Rendalls 2015). According to Boudjema et al. (2014) clinical audit is a clinically led initiative to measure the health professional practices in the hospital setting. It is a tool to examine and modify the practices of clinicians to align with the established national standards and best available evidence. The benefits of auditing include infection control, improved quality of patient care and professional development (Nicholson 2014). In recent years, many hand hygiene practice audits have been conducted in various health care setting and have been documented. There are five stages of audit, and the first step is to select the topic for audit considering relevant questions (Szilgyi et al. 2013). For example- Is there any serious patient complaints on care quality? What is the priority of the problem to the organization? Is it amenable to change by investing effort and time? The purpose of auditing the hand washing practice in health care setting is because of the literature evidence linking hand washing and transmission of infection (Nicholson 2014) Hand hygiene is an essential practice to ensure infection control in the hospital setting. In most of the literature good compliance with hand washing protocol is found to depend on various factors (Jain et al. 2015). It is commonly documented that inappropriate facilities are the commonest barrier to good hand hygiene adherence (Boudjema et al. 2015). Therefore, assessment of hand hygiene technique performed by the health care staff is as essential as measuring when and how they perform it. One way to assess is by observation of hand washing technique periodically to know if the staff is using an adequate volume of gel, liquid soap or alcohol-based hand rub (White et al. 2015). The clinical audit helps to know if the staff is using the required product for hand wash for a sufficient period and if they are a voiding recontamination after hand wash. Such audit also helps to identify if there are adequate facilities in the health care setting to enable strong compliance with the good hand hygiene practice (Azim and McLaws 2014). Further White et al. (2015) stated that the hand washing behaviour among health workers is complex and is influenced by individual perception, attitudes, beliefs and institutional commitment. Consequently, the audit reveals that the practice is compliant or non-compliant which corresponds to the second stage of the audit (Szilgyi et al. 2013) The rationale for selecting the mental health setting for auditing the hand washing procedure because in much of the literature it is reported that it is challenging for the psychiatric facilities to implement infection control practice. This is attributed to the fact that mostly hand hygiene protocols are designed for acute care facilities (Gallo and Barlow 2012). This is because these facilities include areas and procedures where hands are soiled such as exposure to body fluid. The lack of hand hygiene guidelines in mental health setting is less likelihood of the nurses and the health professionals to engage and contact the patient intimately thereby minimising the need of hand washing (Stewardson et al. 2016). The cause of infection in mental health settings is patients with mental illnesses who do not care for themselves or maintain cleanliness. Therefore, it increases the risk of nosocomial infection and transmission (Wolf and Fazel 2016). The population chosen for hand wash aud iting includes nursing staff. The medical staff and the nurses are the agents of change in practice. They can promote and ensure infection control by sharing their good hand washing knowledge and practices with the qualified staff (White et al. 2015). The total number of participants who completed the questionnaire were 114 out of which 44% were registered mental health nurses and all of age 25-50 years, and 46% were unqualified staff including domestic staff and care workers. Demographic details are not shared to maintain anonymity. The facility studied in this survey provides care for elderly people with the range of cognitive problems. They are considered at risk for not strictly adhering to hand hygiene protocol and need regular prompts regarding the same. Before clinical audit is written consent was taken from the selected population for audit as mentioned by (Szilgyi et al. 2013). Also, the author has performed a thorough literature review to get insights into the standards set for audit. According to the recommendations of "World Health Organisation," hand washing is required for contacting a patient at five different points also known as five moments of hand wash (Appndix). These include exposure to body fluids, before the aseptic task, before and after the patient contact and also their surrounding (Chou et al. 2012). As per the "National Institute for Clinical Excellence" standards, after every episode of direct contact with a patient, hands must be decontaminated immediately (Rawlins 2015). In fact, in any case or different patient care activities that result in hand contamination, hand washing is recommended with "alcohol-based hand rub" unless the hands are visibly soiled. Yue et al. (2014) analyzed that alcohol-based hand rub has more efficiency when compared to antiseptic soap in decontamination of hand. The author uses these standards to design an audit plan for their measurement. The third stage of audit requires a collection of data from the current practice by the assigned examiner (Szilgyi et al. 2013). For this purpose, questionnaire is chosen as an instrument that will assist in collecting accurate data as mentioned in Appendix to determine the adherence of nursing staff to the hand hygiene practice. The audit tool was designed to contain two parts. In the first part of the questionnaire the respondents have to answer as YES/NO. Three questions were framed for the registered nurses In the second part of the questionnaire, 12 questions were framed (Appendix). After designing the audit tool, the examiner starts with the observation of practice particularly during the busy hours to identify any non-compliance. As per the data collected from the first part of the questionnaire, 80% of the participants used the correct procedure for hand wash. All the participants dried their hands thoroughly after hand wash. Hand hygiene before the patient contact was implemented by 40% of the nurses, and after patient contact, 100% of nurses implemented hand hygiene. As per the results obtained from the second part of the questionnaire, 92% of the participants answered that ABHR was always available in the work area with 8% answering that it was not available. Majority of the participants preferred ABHR over the use of soap and water. When asked they answered that soap was effective only when the hands were visibly soiled. This response was in alignment with 100% negative response to the question If your hands are visibly soiled do you cleanse your hands with ABHR? All the participants answered yes to the question do ABHR save time when performing hand hygiene. As per the results 90% of the respondents feel that ABHR adequately cleans their hands. When asked about the presence of alcohol/detergent impregnated wipes in the practice area for equipments like stethoscopes the participants were confused. As the nurses have busy schedule they tend to forget about the alcohol wipes. It was the reason why most of the participants could not recall if wipes were present. To this question only 58% answered true and 42% answered false. Among the participants, 50% agreed using alcohol/detergent impregnated wipes to regularly wipe their equipment, 92% agreed to have easy accessibility to hospital-supplied moisturiser and regularly used it 3 times a shift. The reaming 8% nurses could not access the moisturiser and could not answer where it would be placed otherwise. The remaining nurses who do not use moisturiser was due to time constraint and busy schedule although all the participants were aware of its benefits. Only 23% of the participants agreed that they have attended in-service on hand hygiene in the last 12 months but all of them have not completed the on-line learning package. 100% nurses believe that hand washing is an important feature for infection control. Nurses (44%) were aware of the guidelines related to "patient hand washing." However, only 38% of them could give the guidance details. It was evident from the results that there were no issues such as lack of washing facilities. When asked about the barriers to hand wash prevention the staff reported that there were low staffing levels; forgetfulness by staff, a size of washbasins, and lack of time. One of the nurses stated that hand washing was not required as they were not exposed to patients body fluid (urine or saliva) and because they were assisted by other staff. Only 83% of the nurses washed hands before donning gloves whereas all of them performed hand hygiene after removing gloves. The audit data was compared to the set standards to compare and determine if the nurses and staff met the hand hygiene practice standards. The results concluded that the hand washing standards were not fully met. The correct procedure for hand washing was implemented by only 80% of the registered mental health nurses. As per the guidelines of NICE, both before and after the patient, contact hands must be thoroughly decontaminated (Yue et al. 2014). However, in this psychiatric facility, sixty per cent of the nurses failed to practice hand hygiene before patient activity such as assisting with ADLs, applying oxygen masks, administering oral meds. This is an extremely low percentage of adherences to the hand hygiene standards. However, all the nurses performed hand hygiene after touching patient and after exposure to the body fluid of the patient and also after the risk of body fluid exposure. Only 35% of the nurses performed hand hygiene after touching the patients surrounding such as cleaning dining table or changing bed linen. Similarly the percentage of the nurses washing hands before any procedure such as opening a sterile material, instilling eye drops was found to be only 55%. According to the "Nursing and Midwifery Council," the staff must prevent any action that has the potential to harm them, other staff and their patients (Newman et al. 2015). When ten observations of hand wash were noted nine of the instances either followed or preceded with the patient contact. The overall percentage of registered nurses who demonstrated a correct hand hygiene technique was found satisfactory. This is the matter of grave concern as majority of the nurses did not follow the hand hygiene protocol despite being aware of its effectiveness in the infection control. Since the results are analysed, we commence with the fifth stage of an audit which is suggestions for improvement. It is suggested that regular training session on "correct hand hygiene procedure" should be organized. It should be carried out by trained nurse for infection control practice and with a stringent maintenance of attendance records of those attending the training. This will enhance the hand hygiene awareness among the staff and will educate them about the correct technique and time (Stewardson et al. 2013). There must be hospital policy of regular audit (every six months for four hours) implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. Further, there is a need of emphasizing hand hygiene more before and after the patient activity. All the healthcare professionals are advised to update their clinical audit knowledge by attending seminars and workshops (Huis et al. 2012). The barriers to hand washing in several cases were reported to be patient's aggressive behaviour (Wolf and Fazel 2016). For this study simple audit tool was chosen due to time constraints. Since most of the ha nd hygiene campaigns are mostly targeted to acute care setting; these survey findings may change this attitude. The proposed outcome of this study may be reinvigorated campaigns targeting psychiatric settings. References Azim, S. and McLaws, M.L., 2014. Doctor, do you have a moment? National Hand Hygiene Initiative compliance in Australian hospitals.Med J Aust,200(9), pp.534-7. Boudjema, S., Dufour, J.C., Aladro, A.S., Desquerres, I. and Brouqui, P., 2014. MediHandTrace: a tool for measuring and understanding hand hygiene adherence.Clinical Microbiology and Infection,20(1), pp.22-28. Carrucan, J., Smyth, W., Abernethy, G., Mason, M., Sparke, V., Hayes, M. and Shields, L., 2014. Patients' perceptions of hospital-acquired infections in two facilities in North Queensland, Australia: a pilot study.Annals of the Australasian College of Tropical Medicine,15, pp.55-56. Chou, D.T.S., Achan, P. and Ramachandran, M., 2012. The World Health Organization 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene.J Bone Joint Surg Br,94(4), pp.441-445. Dyson, J., Lawton, R., Jackson, C. and Cheater, F., 2013. Development of a theory-based instrument to identify barriers and levers to best hand hygiene practice among healthcare practitioners.Implementation Science,8(1), p.1. Gallo, K.P. and Barlow, D.H., 2012. Factors involved in clinician adoption and nonadoption of evidence?based interventions in mental health.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice,19(1), pp.93-106. Huis, A., van Achterberg, T., de Bruin, M., Grol, R., Schoonhoven, L. and Hulscher, M., 2012. A systematic review of hand hygiene improvement strategies: a behavioural approach.Implementation Science,7(1), p.1. Jain, S., Edgar, D., Bothe, J., Newman, H., Wilson, A., Bint, B., Brown, M., Alexander, S. and Harris, J., 2015. Reflection on observation: A qualitative study using practice development methods to explore the experience of being a hand hygiene auditor in Australia.American journal of infection control,43(12), pp.1310-1315. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Newman, H., Alexander, S., Bint, B., Bothe, J., Brown, M., Edgar, D., Harris, J., Jain, S. and Wilson, A., 2015. A QUALITATIVE STUDY USING PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT METHODS TO EXPLORE THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING A HAND HYGIENE AUDITOR IN AUSTRALIA.HNE Handover: For Nurses and Midwives,8(2). Nicholson, L., 2014. Healthcare-associated infections: the value of patient isolation.Nursing Standard,29(6), pp.35-44. Rawlins, M.D., 2015. National Institute for Clinical Excellence: NICE works.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,108(6), pp.211-219. Spigelman, A.D. and Rendalls, S., 2015. Clinical governance in Australia.Clinical Governance: An International Journal,20(2), pp.56-73. Stewardson, A.J., Allegranzi, B., Perneger, T.V., Attar, H. and Pittet, D., 2013. Testing the WHO hand hygiene self-assessment framework for usability and reliability.Journal of Hospital Infection,83(1), pp.30-35. Stewardson, A.J., Sax, H., Gayet-Ageron, A., Touveneau, S., Longtin, Y., Zingg, W. and Pittet, D., 2016. Enhanced performance feedback and patient participation to improve hand hygiene compliance of health-care workers in the setting of established multimodal promotion: a single-centre, cluster randomised controlled trial.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,16(12), pp.1345-1355. Szilgyi, L., Haidegger, T., Lehotsky, ., Nagy, M., Csonka, E.A., Sun, X., Ooi, K.L. and Fisher, D., 2013. A large-scale assessment of hand hygiene quality and the effectiveness of the WHO 6-steps.BMC infectious diseases,13(1), p.1. Taylor, A., Neuburger, J., Walker, K., Cromwell, D. and Groene, O., 2016. How is feedback from national clinical audits used? Views from English National Health Service trust audit leads.Journal of health services research policy, p.1355819615612826. Trong Tuan, L., 2013. The role of CSR in clinical governance and its influence on knowledge sharing.Clinical Governance: An International Journal,18(2), pp.90-113. White, K.M., Jimmieson, N.L., Graves, N., Barnett, A., Cockshaw, W., Gee, P., Page, K., Campbell, M., Martin, E., Brain, D. and Paterson, D., 2015. Key beliefs of hospital nurses hand-hygiene behaviour: protecting your peers and needing effective reminders.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,26(1), pp.74-78. White, K.M., Jimmieson, N.L., Obst, P.L., Graves, N., Barnett, A., Cockshaw, W., Gee, P., Haneman, L., Page, K., Campbell, M. and Martin, E., 2015. Using a theory of planned behaviour framework to explore hand hygiene beliefs at the 5 critical moments among Australian hospital-based nurses.BMC health services research,15(1), p.1. Wolf, A. and Fazel, S., 2016. Infection in people with severe mental illness.The Lancet Psychiatry,3(3), pp.203-204. www.hha.org.au. 2017. Hand Hygiene Observation - Coding Classification Sheet. [online] Available at: https://www.hha.org.au/UserFiles/file/AuditTools/CodingSheet2010-05-03.pdf [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Yue, J., Tabloski, P., Dowal, S.L., Puelle, M.R., Nandan, R. and Inouye, S.K., 2014. NICE to HELP: operationalizing National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines to improve clinical practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,62(4), pp.754-761.